Synonyms, Antonyms, and Hyponyms.

Synonyms

Synonyms are directly related words that have comparable meanings and linguistics argue that no synonym can have an exact meaning to another. 

For example:

-          The word “tired” is comparable to worn-out, sleepy, drowsy, or weary.

-          small - little
big - large
mother and father – parents

-         

It is arguable that each of those synonyms can contain slightly different meanings. Synonyms are not just limited to adjectives; they can also be used for nouns, verbs, prepositions, or adverbs. Most important these are used in writing to stimulate readers and spice up content.

Adjectives: beautiful, lovely, gorgeous, stunning, striking

-          Nouns: House, home, dwelling, residence, abode, quarters

-          Verbs: jump, bound, leap, hop, skip

-          Prepositions: in, inside, within

Antonyms

Antonyms are words with almost opposite meanings to each other. 

For example:

-          The word “fun” has antonyms similarly opposite to it such as boring, dull, uninspiring or dreary.

Like synonyms it is debatable that there can be one true opposite meaning. Antonyms can be applied to nouns, verbs, prepositions, and adverbs. Antonyms can be used to contrast two separate things, actions, feelings, and or placements.

Te word pairs of antonym can be divided into several types:

1.      Graded antonyms are word pairs that have variations between the two opposites.

2.       Relational antonyms are pairs that have a relationship. Each word wouldn’t exist   without the other.

3.      Complimentary antonyms are word pairs that have no degree of meaning. There are only two opposite possibilities.

Implicitly Gradable Pairs	Complementary Pairs	Relational Pairs
big – small	male - female	buy - sell
good – bad	alive – dead	push - pull
fast – slow	present - absent	give - take
young – old	awake - asleep	teach - learn

Hyponyms

Is the state or phenomenon that shows  the relationship  between more general term, ( lexical representation) and the more specific instances for it.

Examples:

The lexical representation of:
red, yellow, green, blue, purple, black is ( color ).
Thus we can say that: " red " is  a hyponym of " color " and so on.

Examples:

clarinet, guitar, piano, trumpet, violin, are hyponyms because they are " musical instruments " but there is not a single word meaning  " musical instrument " that has these  words as its hyponyms .

Refencences

http://www.infobarrel.com/Word_Associations_What_are_Synonyms_Antonyms_Homonyms_Hyponyms_and_Hypernyms

http://conceptsinsemantics.weebly.com/synonym-antonym-hyponym.html

http://ekarisqilatul.blogspot.co.id/2013/11/synonym-antonym-hypernym-hyponym-homonym_9.html